Melasma is a skin condition where blue, gray, or brown hyperpigmented patches appear on the skin. These patches can also resemble freckle-like spots, often seen on the forehead, nose, cheeks, or upper lip. It can be caused by various factors, including hormonal changes (especially during pregnancy or while taking medications), genetic predisposition, exposure to UV rays, use of phototoxic drugs, or certain cosmetic products.
While the condition is harmless, some people may feel self-conscious or insecure about it. Pigmentation can cause certain areas of the skin to appear darker than others due to excessive melanin production.
Melasma and hyperpigmentation often worsen with sunlight and heat, which is why symptoms tend to become more noticeable during the summer months. Melasma can be classified into three types: epidermal melasma (affecting the top skin layers), dermal melasma (affecting deeper layers), and mixed melasma (a combination of both).
Although there is no permanent treatment for melasma, it can be managed and controlled. To prevent it from worsening, it’s advised to avoid oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progesterone, limit sun exposure, and be cautious with certain makeup, scented products, and procedures like waxing.